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These three records are how a receiving mail server checks that a message claiming to come from your domain really did. Without them, commercial email from your domain is far more likely to be filtered — and with DMARC increasingly expected by major providers, missing records are now a practical problem rather than a theoretical one.
SPF — who is allowed to send as you
An SPF record lists the servers permitted to send email for your domain. Because you send through your own Google or Microsoft mailbox, you authorise that provider.
Google Workspace
v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~allMicrosoft 365
v=spf1 include:spf.protection.outlook.com -allOnly one SPF record per domain
DKIM — a signature on every message
DKIM adds a cryptographic signature that proves the message was not altered in transit and really came from your domain. Both providers generate the key for you.
- Google Workspace: Admin console → Apps → Google Workspace → Gmail → Authenticate email. Generate the key, publish the TXT record it gives you, then start authentication.
- Microsoft 365: Defender portal → Policies → Email authentication settings → DKIM. Select your domain, publish the two CNAME records it shows, then enable signing.
- Allow time for DNS to propagate before enabling — usually minutes, occasionally hours.
DMARC — what to do when a check fails
DMARC tells receiving servers how to treat mail that fails SPF and DKIM, and asks them to send you reports. Start in monitoring mode, read the reports, and only tighten once you are confident nothing legitimate is failing.
Start here
_dmarc.yourdomain.com TXT "v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:dmarc@yourdomain.com"Then, once reports are clean
_dmarc.yourdomain.com TXT "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; pct=100; rua=mailto:dmarc@yourdomain.com"Do not jump straight to p=reject
Checking your work
- Send yourself a test from your connected mailbox and inspect the message headers for spf=pass, dkim=pass and dmarc=pass.
- Your provider’s admin console reports authentication status for your domain.
- DMARC aggregate reports will arrive at the address in your rua tag within a day or two.